As natural gas is extracted and sent to a refinery in a raw state, many impurities and additives come along with it. To further refine and for the ease of transportation and storage, natural gas is cooled to -162C using heat exchange tubes, which transforms it from a gas to a liquid state, where further separation of unwanted additives such as butane are extracted, refined and sold separately. The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is then transported using specialized LNG carriers or a pipeline network to another processing facility, which re-heats the LNG to Natural gas and then piped to consumers using a pipeline network know as Piped Natural Gas.